What are the four main ways to become infected with a bloodborne pathogen?

Becoming infected with a bloodborne pathogen primarily occurs through specific routes of exposure that allow the pathogen to enter the bloodstream or mucous membranes. The correct choice identifies injection, skin abrasion, sexual contact, and exposure to mucous membranes as the four main pathways.

1. Injection refers to direct entry into the bloodstream, often through unsafe needle practices or medical procedures where needles are involved. This is a significant risk factor for various bloodborne diseases.

2. Skin abrasions provide a break in the skin barrier, making it easier for pathogens to enter the body. Even minor cuts or scrapes can potentially allow bloodborne pathogens to infect a person if they come into contact with contaminated blood or fluids.

3. Sexual contact is a recognized route for the transmission of certain bloodborne pathogens, particularly those associated with sexually transmitted infections like HIV and hepatitis B. The mucous membranes located in the genital area are especially susceptible to infections.

4. Exposure to mucous membranes includes contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth, which can become contaminated with blood or bodily fluids that carry pathogens. This route is critical since mucous membranes can absorb pathogens directly into the bloodstream.

The other choices include options like exposure to water or air exposure, which are not recognized as pathways for