What protective measures must be provided to prevent workers from falling into hazards?

The focus of protecting workers from falling into hazards primarily involves barriers and protective perimeter features that physically prevent falls. Covers and guardrails are critical components that ensure the safety of workers by providing a physical barrier that can stop a worker from falling over an edge or into an open hole. Guardrails are often installed along edges of elevated surfaces, such as scaffolding or rooftops, while covers protect openings to prevent accidental falls into pits or trenches.

While safety harnesses and nets are effective for fall arrest in certain situations, they do not prevent a fall in the first instance—they are more about minimizing injury after a fall has occurred. Similarly, helmets, gloves, and high-visibility vests serve different safety functions, such as protecting against head injuries or ensuring visibility, but they do not specifically prevent falls into hazards. Therefore, the provision of covers and guardrails is the most direct and effective measure for fall prevention in a workplace setting.